Experts in advanced nuclear reactors gathered at the US Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to share progress in molten salt technology with the hope that their work will move molten salt reactors (MSRs) from concept to construction in the coming years.
The two-day workshop, “Moving MSRs Forward—The Next Steps”, took place October 4–5 and included nearly 200 attendees from national labs, industry, utilities, reactor design firms, and international development companies. Presentations and roundtable discussions focused on work that took place in the last year and challenges facing the molten salt community in further developing the technology. This year’s meeting was the successor to the inaugural 2015 workshop that commemorated the 50th anniversary of the startup of the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) at ORNL.
“The thing that struck me between this year and last was the energy and momentum,” said Gary Mays, group leader of Advanced Reactor Systems & Safety at ORNL and one of the organizers of the workshop. “There are now six private companies pursuing different design variances of MSRs and a number of different international organizations where there are experiments being run and data and results being generated.”
The ability to provide safer and more efficient operation in comparison to the current fleet of nuclear reactors is what is driving interest in MSRs—one of several generation IV designs that have potential for future construction. In addition, a large portion of reactors used today will close by 2040 and that energy will have to be replaced by utilities worldwide.
During one of the first sessions of the workshop, representatives from the Electric Power Research Institute, Nuclear Energy Institute, Southern Company, and Breakthrough Institute detailed efforts each of their organizations are taking in MSR development.
“Fifty percent of energy must be replaced in the next 50 years,” said Nick Smith, senior engineer at Southern Company. “If we work together as opposed to acting as lone wolves, we can address a lot of challenges and make MSRs a reality.”
To further this goal, the DOE Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) has taken a hands-on approach to bringing the nuclear community together to improve sharing of knowledge around advanced reactors. A part of that involves connecting the public and private sectors through a new initiative called the Gateway for Accelerated Innovation in Nuclear (GAIN).
Launched in 2015, GAIN’s primary focus is to provide private entities better access to national labs’ research and development resources. Multiple companies—including MSR workshop participants Terrestrial Energy USA Ltd. and Transatomic Power Corporation—have been awarded vouchers through the program to assist their efforts in nuclear innovation.
“Getting together and sharing common issues that the teams are trying to solve is important, and that’s why events like this are vital,” said Rita Baranwal, GAIN director. “GAIN provides access to national laboratory capabilities that these developers can take advantage of to find solutions to these issues.”
John Kotek, acting assistant secretary for DOE-NE, gave one of the workshop’s keynote addresses and discussed a wide range of topics related to MSRs. He applauded the work that has been completed and highlighted his organization’s goal of eliminating roadblocks for development in advanced reactors.
“DOE is trying to provide greater focus on getting technologies through the development process and demonstration and to the deployment phase,” Kotek said. “I was impressed at last year’s workshop and I’m impressed now at the interest in this technology from labs, universities, end users, and vendors to move this into the marketplace.”
Following Kotek’s speech, researchers focused on the recent startup of the high-temperature fluoride salt pumped test loop at ORNL as a milestone in MSR development. The loop is the largest to be put into operation since the 1970s and will test several concepts for cooling an MSR core.
As the workshop came to a close, Alan Icenhour, associate laboratory director for the Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate at ORNL, took a straw poll on interest in a possible third MSR workshop. The informal vote was unanimous, as it was in 2015.
“I think Alvin Weinberg, who was the director of ORNL and the driving force behind MSR technology and the MSRE, would be very pleased that 50 years later we had such a gathering,” Icenhour said. “He would find it very satisfying to see vendors coming forward with ideas and concepts they’re pushing for commercialization. It’s also very satisfying to see us building upon a great heritage at ORNL.”
ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States. DOE’s Office of Science is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, please visit science.energy.gov.